INTRODUCTION Al-Muqaddimah for Ibn Khaldun was published in 1377 and is regarded to be among the first writings on universal history. It is also a philosophical commentary on a wide range of issues that range from sociology, cultural history, science, economics, demography, and law among others. His writings are borrowed from his observations, knowledge of the Maghreb people, and their politics to formulate his historical and histographical standpoints. Moreover, through his work on the foundations […]